en Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Review Article Review Article <p><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><strong><em>Background: </em></strong></span>Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are the most common cancers and account for nearly half of all cancer-related deaths in Iran. There was a strong association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and urogenital cancers, in particular the cervix. However, there is no clear causal relationship in all types of cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, the present study as a systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the prevalence and relation of HPV in GI cancers.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong></span> This systematic review and meta-analysis study assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus in GI cancers in Iran. Data were collected by searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, SID and Iranmedex by English and Persian key words up to August 2016. Key words included: Human Papillomavirus, HPV, Cancer, Neoplasm, Carcinoma, Esophageal, colorectal, Gastrointestinal and Iran articles were entered in the EndNote software and duplicate papers were excluded.&nbsp; Data were extracted and analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis software, Version 2 (CMA.V2) and random effects model.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><strong><em>Results:</em></strong></span> Finally, we included 17 studies in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of HPV in Iranian patients with GI cancers was 16.4% (CI95%: 10.4-24.9). Considering all HPV types, the odds ratio of GI cancers in positive patients was 3.03 (CI95%: 1.42-6.45) while in patients with HPV-16 was 3.62 (CI: 1.43-4.82).</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong></span>The results show a strong relationship between HPV infection especially high-risk HPV type 16 and GI cancers in Iranian population.</span></p> Gastrointestinal cancers, human papillomavirus, Systematic review, Meta-analysis. 67 75 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-466-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Versa Omrani-Nava versa.peace@gmail.com 10031947532846009239 10031947532846009239 No Immunogenetic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Reza Alizadeh-Navaei reza_nava@yahoo.com 10031947532846009240 10031947532846009240 Yes Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Yousef Yahyapour uyahyapoor@yahoo.com 10031947532846009241 10031947532846009241 No Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran akbar_hedayati@yahoo.com 10031947532846009242 10031947532846009242 No Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Saeid Abediankenari Abedianlab@yahoo.com 10031947532846009243 10031947532846009243 No Immunogenetic Ghasem Janbabaei janbabai@gmail.com 10031947532846009244 10031947532846009244 No Gastrointestinal Fatima Toghani fatemetoghani@yahoo.com 10031947532846009245 10031947532846009245 No Immunogenetic