en Neurology Neurology Original Article Original Article <p style="text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span style="color: blue; font-size: 10pt;">Background: </span></i></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><font color="#000000">Multiple sclerosis (MS), a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorder, affects 2.3 million people<span dir="RTL"> </span>around the world. Cancer kills around 7.5 million people annually. Both diseases have similar risks and intertwining molecular causes. Most studies focusing on MS and cancer have found an insignificant difference or reduction in the amount of cancer found in the MS community.</font></span></font></p> <p style="text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span style="color: blue; font-size: 10pt;">Methods:</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><font color="#000000"> We performed a cohort study using data from Isfahan Multiple Sclerosis Society (IMSS)<span dir="RTL"> </span>and Isfahan cancer society and followed-up for 8 years on average (2006-2014). All of the 1718 MS patients were diagnosed according to McDonald&rsquo;s criteria, then standardized incidence ratio and the numbers of expected cancer case were calculated.</font></span></font></p> <p style="text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span style="color: blue; font-size: 10pt;">Results:</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><font color="#000000"> While patients had an insignificant change in cancer prevalence, men had fewer cancer cases and women showed an increased prevalence of cancer. Certain types of cancer proved statistically significant. Breast cancer, nervous system cancers, and lymphoma were elevated in the cohort.</font></span></font></p> <p style="text-indent: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span style="color: blue; font-size: 10pt;">Conclusion: </span></i></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><font color="#000000">Our results support the hypothesis that MS significantly affects certain cancers in a protective or associative manner. All cancer rates, except breast cancer, cancers located in the nervous system, and lymphomas were reduced in cohort, suggesting that unregulated immune function may provide protective effects to MS patients against cancer.</font></span></font></p> Cancer, Multiple Sclerosis, Cohort, Isfahan, Iran 172 177 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-543-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Masoud Etemadifar etemadifar@med.mui.ac.ir 10031947532846009606 10031947532846009606 No 3. Department of neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Hamidreza Jahanbani Ardakani hamidreza_jahanbaniardakani@yahoo.com 10031947532846009607 10031947532846009607 Yes Students Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Sara Ghaffari 10031947532846009608 10031947532846009608 No Students Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mahboobeh Fereidan-Esfahani mf.fereidan@yahoo.com 10031947532846009609 10031947532846009609 No Students Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Hossein Changaei hosseinchangaei@gmail.com 10031947532846009610 10031947532846009610 No Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahid Madani University of Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran Nazila Aghadoost nazilaaghadoost@yahoo.com 10031947532846009611 10031947532846009611 No Kashan university of medical sciences, Kashan, Iran Ameneh Jahanbani-Ardakani 10031947532846009612 10031947532846009612 No Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Negin Moradkhani neginmoradkhani@gmail.com 10031947532846009613 10031947532846009613 No Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahid Madani University of Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran