en Oncology Oncology Original Article Original Article <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Background</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> Comprehensive molecular assessment of cancers could open up new horizons for novel therapies. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene amplification has been previously demonstrated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of FGFR1 gene amplification and its association with clinical and demographic data in a group of NSCLC patients.</span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Methods:</span></i></b> The present study was performed on eighty-eight NSCLC patients who underwent bronchoscopy or surgery in Qaem Hospital, Mashhad, between 2010 and 2016. FGFR1 gene amplification was detected using real-time PCR assay on DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients. Also, patients&#39; clinical and demographic data, such as their survival, were evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software.</span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Results:</span></i></b> Seventeen (19.31%) out of eighty-eight patients with NSCLC presented FGFR1 gene amplification. Besides, we found a significant association between FGFR1 amplification and cigarette smoking (p-value= 0.01; OR: 4.08). Although cases with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) showed a higher prevalence of FGFR1 amplification compared to adenocarcinoma patients, the difference was not statistically significant (p-value> 0.05). In addition, our findings showed no relationship between FGFR1 gene amplification and other clinical and demographic factors, including age, sex, grade, tumor operability, and survival.</span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Conclusion</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> The frequency of FGFR1 amplification is estimated at 20% in the current study (26% in SCC versus 11% in adenocarcinoma; p-value= 0.07). Moreover, we found a direct association between FGFR1 amplification and cigarette smoking. However, no significant relationship with survival or other factors was observed.</span></span></span><br> &nbsp; FGFR1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, real-time PCR, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, gene amplification 66 72 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3000-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Sanaz Homayounfar homayounfars931@mums.ac.ir 100319475328460050488 100319475328460050488 No Department of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hossein Ayatollahi AyatollahiH@mums.ac.ir 100319475328460050489 100319475328460050489 No Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Gordon Ferns G.Ferns@bsms.ac.uk 100319475328460050490 100319475328460050490 No Department of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK Reza Hemmatan Attarbashi Reza.hematan@gmail.com 100319475328460050491 100319475328460050491 No Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch Shabestar, Iran Masoumeh Gharib Gharibm@mums.ac.ir 100319475328460050492 100319475328460050492 No Departments of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Maryam Sheikhi SheikhiM2@mums.ac.ir 100319475328460050493 100319475328460050493 No Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran Zahra Khoshnegah zkhoshnegah@gmail.com 100319475328460050494 100319475328460050494 No Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. Payam Siyadat payam.siyadat19899@gmail.com 100319475328460050495 100319475328460050495 No Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Amirhossein Jafarian jafarianah@mums.ac.ir 100319475328460050496 100319475328460050496 Yes Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran