en Pediatrics Pediatrics Review Article Review Article <p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><b><i><span style="color: blue font-size: 10pt"><font face="times new roman,times,serif" size="2">Background: </font></span></i></b><a name="OLE_LINK2"></a><a name="OLE_LINK1"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2"><font face="times new roman,times,serif" size="2">Probiotic therapies with different strains demonstrated some beneficial effects, although some studies did not show any significant effects. This study assessed systematically the current knowledge on the effect of probiotic bacteria on duration of in acute rotavirus diarrhea in children compared with control.</font></span></a></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times,serif" size="2"><b><i><span style="color: blue"><font face="times new roman,times,serif">Methods:</font></span></i></b> The PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trial Register (CCTR) and Ovid (Wolters Kluwer Health) were searched between 1980 to June 15, 2013. Randomized controlled trials including the administration of probiotics for treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in infants and children were reviewed.</font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times,serif" size="2"><b><i><span style="color: blue"><font face="times new roman,times,serif">Results:</font></span></i></b> A total number of 1244 articles were found through the aforementioned search. 203 articles were selected after the first screening of title and abstract. The intervention group included subjects who received probiotic strains and dosage in any conditions. Placebo or any similar vehicle without probiotic was used in the controlled trials. Finally, 14 articles were selected. The outcomes from each study were considered in the duration of diarrhea. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata software. The pooled estimate of efficacy of probiotics in prevention or treatment of disease yielded in all studies a mean difference of 0.41 (CI 95%: -0.56 to –0.25 p<0.001). The pooled estimate of efficacy of l<i>actobacillus rhamnosus</i> GG and other probiotics significantly reduced the duration of diarrhea. Among trials, the overall reduction of LGG was 0.47 (CI 95%: -0.80 to -0.14 P= 0.020).</font></p> <p><font face="times new roman,times,serif" size="2"><b><i><span style="color: blue"><font face="times new roman,times,serif">Conclusion:</font> </span></i></b>In conclusion, probiotics exert positive effect in reducing the duration of acute rotavirus diarrhea compared with control.</font></p> <p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p> Probiotics, Rotavirus, Acute Diarrhea, Children 187 195 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-200-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Elaheh Ahmadi Eahmadi7@gmail.com 10031947532846004201 10031947532846004201 No Young Researchers and Elites club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Reza Alizadeh-Navaei reza.nava@gmail.com 10031947532846004202 10031947532846004202 No Molecular and cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran Mohammad Sadegh Rezai drmsrezaii@yahoo.com 10031947532846004203 10031947532846004203 Yes Antimicrobial Resistant Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran