en Dentistry Dentistry Original Article Original Article <span style="color:#0000FF;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><strong><em>Background</em></strong><em>:</em> </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic periodontitis (CP) show common pathophysiological features. We investigated the serum levels of IL-23 and IL-35 in people with type 2 DM and CP.</span></span></span><br> <span style="color:#0000FF;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><strong><em>Methods</em></strong><em>:</em></span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"> In a cross-sectional study, 72 patients were divided into four equal groups: group A, participants without type 2 DM and CP; group B, patients with type 2 DM without CP; group C, patients with CP and without type 2 DM; and group D, patients with type 2 DM and CP. Demographic data were obtained and periodontal conditions including clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth was evaluated on all existing teeth. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed. In addition, serum levels of IL-23 and 35 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</span></span></span><br> <span style="color:#0000FF;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>:</em> </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">The serum levels of IL-23 and 35 showed no significant differences between all groups (P>0.05). A significant positive correlation between the serum concentration of IL-23 and clinical attachment loss in the control group (r: 0.548, P=0.019) was detected. A significant negative correlation between IL-35 and the plaque index in group B (r: -0.578, P=0.012), plus significant negative correlations between IL-23 with ESR (r: -0.487, P=0.040) and CRP (r: -0.498, P=0.035) in groups C and D were also detected.</span></span></span><br> <span style="color:#0000FF;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>:</em> </span></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Despite significant associations of serum concentration of IL-23 and 35 with certain periodontal and inflammatory indices, neither type 2 DM nor CP differentially affects serum levels of these two cytokines.</span></span></span> Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Chronic periodontitis, Interleukin-23, Interleukin -35. 295 302 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1236-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Avideh Maboudi avideh48188@yahoo.com 100319475328460019306 100319475328460019306 No Department of Periodontics, Diabetes Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Aida Eghbalian eghbalian73@gmail.com 100319475328460019307 100319475328460019307 No Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Hajar Seifi dentist_20e20@yahoo.com 100319475328460019308 100319475328460019308 No Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Adele Bahar doctor_bahar2000@yahoo.com 100319475328460019309 100319475328460019309 No Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mohadeseh Heidari heidari_mohadeseh@yahoo.com 100319475328460019310 100319475328460019310 No Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Reza Ali Mohammadpour Mohammadpour2002@yahoo.com 100319475328460019311 100319475328460019311 No Biostatistics Department, Health Faculty, Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Saeid Abediankenari abedianlab@yahoo.co.uk 100319475328460019312 100319475328460019312 No Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Seyedeh Leila Poorbaghi mahsapoorbaghi@yahoo.com 100319475328460019313 100319475328460019313 No Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Masood Sepehriamnesh sepehrimaneshmasood@gmail.com 100319475328460019314 100319475328460019314 Yes New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, Lousiana, USA