en Surgery Surgery Original Article Original Article <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span new="" roman="" times=""><em><span style="color:#0033ff;"><strong>Background: </strong></span></em>Nowadays, metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a global health concern. Patients with MetS are at 5- and 2-times higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and gallstones, respectively. Although gallstone disease (GSD) and MetS are common, little is known about their association. This study aimed to compare the frequency of metabolic syndrome criteria between the GSD group and the control group.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span new="" roman="" times=""><em><span style="color:#0033ff;"><strong>Methods:</strong></span></em> In this case-control study, we enrolled 432 subjects, including 216 subjects with gallstones (184 females, 31 males) and 216 controls (187 females and 29 males without gallstones). Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), and fibrosis score 4 index (FIB-4), were measured.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span new="" roman="" times=""><strong><em><span style="color:#0033ff;">Results:</span></em> </strong>Out of 432 participants, MetS was documented in 36% of the subjects. There were no significant differences between the case and control groups regarding age and gender (P>0.05). The univariate analysis illustrated that individuals with GSD exhibited higher weight, BMI, hip and waist circumferences, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, total cholesterol, TG, LDL, FBS, METS-IR, and hypertension incidence than those without GSD. Conversely, HDL levels were significantly lower in subjects with GSD(P<0.05).</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span new="" roman="" times=""><strong><em><span style="color:#0033ff;">Conclusion:</span></em> </strong>Similar to cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, GSD seems to have a strong association with MetS. It is recommended to investigate and monitor GSD patients for metabolic syndrome and its potential long-term consequences.</span></span></span></p> Gallstone disease, Metabolic syndrome, Insulin resistance, Obesity. 9 0 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2181-6&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Valareza Alizadeh Bazrafshan valarezaalizadeh@yahoo.com 100319475328460056442 100319475328460056442 No Innovative Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. Alireza Rezapanah ezapanaha1@mums.ac.ir 100319475328460056443 100319475328460056443 No Surgical Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Amin Dalili daliliam@mums.ac.ir 100319475328460056444 100319475328460056444 No Surgical Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Mojtaba Meshkat mesh6280@gmail.com 100319475328460056445 100319475328460056445 No Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. Yalda Ravanshad yalda.ravanshad@gmail.com 100319475328460056446 100319475328460056446 No Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. Tooraj Zandbaf tooraj.zandbaf@gmail.com 100319475328460056447 100319475328460056447 Yes Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.