en Pathology Pathology Review Article Review Article <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="line-height:150%">The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR&gamma;) signaling pathway is one of the most important physiological pathways in the body, which is known for its beneficial role in regulating metabolism and modulating disease processes. This ligand-activated nuclear receptor significantly influences glucose and lipid metabolism, and is involved in various cellular functions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic responses. PPAR&gamma; activity can be regulated through multiple post-translational modifications such as acetylation, glycosylation, and phosphorylation, which underscores its complexity and therapeutic potential. In this review, we examined numerous studies investigating the role of the PPAR-&gamma; signaling pathway in a wide range of diseases. Particular emphasis was placed on its involvement in the cardiovascular system, central nervous system (CNS), digestive system, respiratory as well as urinary systems, and allergic diseases. Accumulating evidence has shown that activation of this pathway can modulate inflammatory and oxidative responses, enhance insulin sensitivity, and provide neuroprotective and organ-protective effects. To conduct this review, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Scopus, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Embase, using keywords such as &ldquo;PPAR-&gamma;,&rdquo; &ldquo;Signaling Pathway,&rdquo; &ldquo;Anti-inflammatory,&rdquo; &ldquo;Antioxidant,&rdquo; and &ldquo;Diseases.&rdquo; These searches revealed consistent findings supporting the therapeutic potential of PPAR&gamma; activation in diverse pathological conditions. The evidence suggests that targeting the PPAR&gamma; pathway may offer novel strategies for preventing and treating a variety of metabolic, inflammatory and degenerative diseases.</span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span> PPAR-γ, Signaling Pathway, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Disease 5 0 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3679-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Amin Hasanvand Dr.hasanvand@yahoo.com 100319475328460056326 100319475328460056326 No Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Peyman Amanolahi Baharvand amanolahi1984@yahoo.com 100319475328460056327 100319475328460056327 No Department of English School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Hamid Nasri hamidnasri@yahoo.com 100319475328460056328 100319475328460056328 Yes Department of Natural Sciences, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia Kamran Shirbache Kamranshirbache@gmail.com 100319475328460056329 100319475328460056329 No Hôpital Robert Debré, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP Nord-Université Paris-Cité, France